高空高速无人飞行器热控制系统设计

针对飞行时间短、速度和高度变化快、表面温度波动大的无人飞行器UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicles)热控制系统设计难题,提出了一种可解决实际工程问题的热分析计算方法.即把热天工况、冷天工况和标准天工况作为设计/试验工况;采用参考温度法、高超音速工程预测法或计算流体动力学CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)数值模拟法,确定了飞行器表面温度分布,并把其作为后续热分析数学模型的外边界条件;分析结构热容量对瞬态热载荷的影响,建立与之相应的边值问题方程,并采用有限差分法求解;根据高空高速飞行特点及瞬态热载荷值,确定仪器设备舱调温系统方案.     

磨削表面粗糙度在线实时测量的研究

在试验研究的基础上,研制了一种新的光纤表面粗糙度在线测量系统。以光散射法为理论基础,用光纤束作为传感器,并用单片机进行数据处理和实时显示。针对外圆磨削在线检测中存在的冷却液、工件尺寸变化、环境干扰以及仪器的装夹与对中等问题进行了研究,找到了改进或解决的办法,从而更利于该测试技术的实施与推广。     

亚、超音速机翼非定常广义气动力系数之间的关系

 <正> 研究弹性飞机的动力学特性应计及非定常广义气动力。为了尽可能保留非定常运动历程,应首先计算由阶跃函数形式下洗产生的非定常气动力函数(指示函数或指数函数),再利用卷积形式的迭加原理处理任意函数形式下洗产生的非定常气动力。用振型法建立飞机弹性运动方程,可将飞机上任一质点的弹性位移近似地表示为     

1 000 MW超超临界锅炉结渣特性预测模型

根据1 000 MW超超临界锅炉的实际运行数据,对其结渣特性进行研究和分析。建立了基于煤灰特性的锅炉结渣特性预测模型,包括单一指标和综合指标的各预测模型,这些预测模型能简单、快速地预测锅炉的结渣特性。但对于锅炉燃用煤质不均匀或采用混煤燃烧等情况,这类预测模型的准确性和可靠性将下降。同时根据锅炉运行时的实时监测数据,建立了基于炉膛清洁因子的炉膛结渣特性在线监测模型,通过炉膛出口后各受热面进出口蒸汽温度、流量,以及省煤器出口烟气温度等有关参数,利用反平衡法计算求得此时的炉膛出口烟气温度,然后求出炉膛的平均热有效性系数和炉膛清洁因子,最后根据清洁因子的大小来判断锅炉的结渣特性。该模型不仅能根据锅炉运行实时数据的采集,实现锅炉结渣特性的在线实时监测,而且能对煤质不均匀或采用混煤燃烧等情况的锅炉结渣特性做出较准确的判别。     

Exploration and implementation of commonality valuation method in commercial aircraft family design

Commercial aircraft family design can reduce development costs, shorten development cycles, and expand the market coverage of aircraft. Commercial aircraft family development has become one of the most important features of modern aircraft design. This paper explores the effects of commonality on different aircraft models in a commercial aircraft family. The existing product commonality indexes are summarized and their limitations in the application to aircraft design are discussed. Then a new component commonality index is proposed based on the component decomposition structure. A model for calculating the aircraft program value is established,which considers development costs, manufacturing costs, sale price, operation costs and residual costs. The effects of aircraft commonality on time and economic costs of both development and manufacturing, and on sale price, are analyzed and quantified. The commonality evaluation strategy is obtained, which features comprehensive consideration of the aircraft program value and time costs. The break-even analysis of aircraft is proceeded on the basis of costs and price data. By using a real option method, the strategy considers the uncertainty of the aircraft program and the flexibility of the manufacturer. This strategy proves to be rational and applicable to aircraft design based on the calculation of three examples and the analysis of parameter sensitivity.     

Electrochemical trepanning with uniform electrolyte flow around the entire blade profile

In the traditional machining process for diffusers, blades are easily deformed, and methods suffer from high tool wear and low efficiency. Electrochemical machining(ECM) possesses unique advantages when applied to these difficult-to-machine materials. In the ECM process, theflow field plays a crucial role. Here, an electrolyte flow mode that supplies uniform flow around the entire blade profile was adopted for electrochemical trepanning of diffusers. Various flow rates were employed to obtain the optimal flow field. Simulations were conducted using ANSYS software, and results indicated that increasing the flow rate substantially afforded a more uniform flowfield. A series of experiments was then performed, and results revealed that increasing the flow rate greatly improved both the machining efficiency and the surface quality of the diffusers. The maximum feeding rate of the cathode reached 4 mm/min, the blade taper of the concave part decreased to 0.02, and the blade roughness was reduced to 1.216 lm. The results of this study demonstrated the high feasibility of this method and its potential for machining other complex components for engineering applications.     

弯扭复合大负载下电动舵机设计及性能试验研究

针对弯扭复合大负载工况下电动舵机快速性与稳定性匹配的问题,在分析有限空间质量约束下舵机设计要求的基础上,采用基于核心部件与系统仿真及试验验证相结合的手段,提出了一种高刚度高功率密度的抗弯扭复合大负载电动舵机设计方法。详细阐述了高功率密度伺服电机和高刚度传动机构的设计过程,并研制了工程样机。试验结果表明:该电动舵机伺服刚度与功率密度得到显著提升,在复合大负载工况下能够实现高动态高可靠稳定运行。     

涡桨飞机发展现状及关键气动问题

独特的动力形式赋予了涡桨飞机优越的推进效率和良好的低速机动、起降性能，使得其在军用及民用领域占有重要的地位并得以不断发展，但同时也带来了一系列需要重点关注的设计问题。本文从目前国内外涡桨飞机的发展现状和设计特点出发，提出其面临的主要气动问题。重点针对国内亟待发展的舰载类涡桨飞机起降过程中的失速和操纵问题进行深入研究，剖析了翼面附近流动的分离状态和发展趋势对于失速特性及操纵安全性的影响规律，归纳总结出需要关注的关键约束和设计原则。在此基础上，通过对一组计算实例的分析，给出了机翼空间流场变化特征和宏观气动力之间的内在联系，并深入阐述了三维增升构型与干净构型及其各站位翼剖面的设计关联性。     

Adaptive suppression of passive intermodulation in digital satellite transceivers

For the performance issues of satellite transceivers suffering passive intermodulation interference,a novel and effective digital suppression algorithm is presented in this paper.In con trast to analog approaches,digital passive intermodulation (PIM) suppression approaches can be easily reconfigured and therefore are highly attractive for future satellite communication systems.A simplified model of nonlinear distortion from passive microwave devices is established in consid eration of the memory effect.The multiple high-order PIM products falling into the receiving band can be described as a bilinear predictor function.A suppression algorithm based on a bilinear poly nomial decorrelated adaptive filter is proposed for baseband digital signal processing.In consideration of the time-varying characteristics of passive intermodulation,this algorithm can achieve the rapidness of online interference estimation and low complexity with less consumption of resources.Numerical simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively compensate the passive intermodulation interference,and achieve a high signal-to-interference ratio gain.     

试飞员能力模型研究

在飞行器研制和人类飞行探索中,试飞员的能力至关重要。针对以往对试飞员能力的评价基本停留在"客观、正确、诚信、能力以及尊重他人"等主观、感性层面,分析了试飞员在飞行器研制试验与鉴定中的作用和任务,给出了试飞员能力模型和"百分制"对试飞员的计划、飞行、评价、报告和建议等基本能力的量化分配。将试飞员能力显性化,有利于试飞员能力的客观评价。